Report Details

Gram-negative Infection Therapeutics Market Size by Infection (Wound/Surgical Site Infections, Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infection [UTI], Bloodstream Infection, Meningitis), by Treatment (Carbapenems, Colistin, Tigecycline, Sulbactam, Doxycycline, Rifampin), by Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa), Market Size and Growth, Global Forecast to 2032

Published Date: May, 2023 | Report ID: CLS-1928 | No of pages: 230 | Format:

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The report analyses that the gram-negative bacterial infection therapeutics market was valued at USD 13.99 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach USD 25.11 billion by 2032, registering a CAGR of 5.9% during the forecast period of 2023 to 2032. In addition to the market insights such as market value and growth rate, the market report also includes in-depth expert analysis curated on market segments, geographical coverage, market players, and market scenario.

Actual Data: 2020 - 2021
Base Year: 2022
Forecast Period: 2023 – 2032

Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria have a significant impact on human health. The disease can strike anywhere on the body, and it is produced either by the organism or by the body's reaction to its existence. Gram-negative bacteria are spread to humans by air, water, food, and living vectors. Contact, airborne, droplet, vectors, and vehicular transmission are the most common mechanisms of bacterial transmission. Morbidity and mortality are dramatically reduced when preventive measures are used. Water treatment, animal and human immunization, personal hygiene, and safer sex practices are illustrations of such approaches. Antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria is an increasing concern, necessitating careful usage of antibiotics.

Business trends

The gram-negative infection therapeutics market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.9% from 2023 to 2032 due to worldwide rise of a range of bacterial diseases, especially for enteric fever, respiratory tract infections, and various infections related with gram-negative bacilli (GNB).
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the leading federal agency focused on public health in the United States, over two million infections are caused by the antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens per year in the country, resulting in around 23,000 deaths.
The burden is more alarming and critical in case of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Patients with MDR Gram-negative bacterial are known to have a higher mortality rate of about 30–70%. Unarguably, they cause higher mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and escalated cost of treatment, particularly for patients in intensive care units
The emergence and proliferation of highly resistant gram-negative bacteria is a major concern given the limited number of antimicrobial agents that are currently available to combat these organisms. The abundant and often inappropriate use of antibiotics is further contributing to the emergence of these organisms.

This is creating a pressing need for reliable and effective therapeutics for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infection. Therefore, the rising research and development activities coupled with increasing investments are driving the global gram-negative bacterial infection market

Regional trends

North America held the second highest market share of 27.4% in 2022 In the United States, 1.5 million people were diagnosed with pneumonia in an emergency department during 2018. Unfortunately, more than 40,000 people died from the disease that year in the United States. Most of the people affected by pneumonia in the United States are adults. Vaccines and appropriate treatment (like antibiotics and antivirals) could prevent many of these deaths—globally and in the United States.
Europe is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% by 2032 due to rising demand for stronger antibacterials, as Carbapenem resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae and vancomycin resistance in E. faecium increased significantly between 2016 and 2020 in the region. High percentages of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems in K. pneumoniae, as well as high percentages of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in several European nations have also raised concern.
The Asia Pacific gram-negative infection therapeutics market is expected to hold 38.6% market share by 2032 due to a thriving generic antibiotics industry in China and India. China was the world’s largest exported of antibiotics in 2020, with exports of over USD 4 billion.
The pathogenic agents that have been the cause of emerging and re-emerging diseases that are endemic to / highly associated with Latin America include: (i) Bacterial pathogens: Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella typhi; Brucella abortus and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Latin America. This is driving the masses towards the consumption of gram-negative infection therapeutics.

Middle East is one of the hotspots globally for antibiotic resistance. The global medical NGO, Doctors Without Borders, works all over the world, but it encounters notably high rates of resistance in the Middle East. It estimates that 60 to 65 percent of bacteria among the region’s patients carry some form of resistance.

Market definition

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane. Several classes of antibiotics have been designed to target gram-negative bacteria, including aminopenicillins, ureidopenicillins, cephalosporins, beta-lactam-betalactamase inhibitor combinations (e.g. piperacillin-tazobactam), Folate antagonists, quinolones, and carbapenems. Many of these antibiotics also cover gram-positive organisms. The drugs that specifically target gram-negative organisms include aminoglycosides, monobactams (aztreonam) and ciprofloxacin.

The report provides detailed insights into the global gram-negative infection therapeutics market, which is segmented by infection and treatment
The infection market consists of Wound/Surgical Site Infections, Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Bloodstream Infection, and Meningitis

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Global Gram-Negative Market Overview.....................................................
A. Market Size
2. Market Growth Drivers.........................
A. Rising need for newer drugs for getting the appropriate effect on the micro-organisms.
B. Increasing number of strains of the bacteria and growing resistance
C. Rising prevalence of various rare disease
3. Epidemiology and Disease Management of Gram-Negative infection
A. Prevalence of Gram-negative infection cases
B. Incidence of Gram-negative infection cases
4. Gram-Negative Market Segmentation.......................................................
A. By Therapy
I. Cephalosporin, Aminoglycoside
II. Ampicillin/sulbactam, Carbapenem, Colistin or Rifampin
III. Aminoglycoside, Carbapenem, Colistin, Fosfomycin, Rifampin, or Tigecycline
IV. Ceftolozane/Tazobactam
V. Ceftazidime/Avibactam
VI. Others
B. By Geography
I. North America Market Analysis
II. Europe Market Analysis
III. Asia-Pacific Market Analysis
IV. Middle-East and Africa Market Analysis
V. South America Market Analysis
5. Gram-Negative Product Market Share......
A. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast By Revenue
6. Competitive Landscape..................
A. Major Players
B. Products in Pipeline
7. Key Company Profiles...................
A. Merck Company overview, Product & Services, Strategies & Financials
B. Pfizer Company overview, Product & Services, Strategies & Financials
C. AstraZeneca Company, Product & Services, Strategies & Financials
8. Healthcare Policies and Regulatory Landscape..
A. Policy changes and Reimbursement scenario
9. Factors Driving Future Growth..........
A. New Trends and Development of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection market
B. Future Opportunities
10. Conclusion

Segmentation

The report provides detailed insights into the global gram-negative infection therapeutics market, which is segmented by infection and treatment
The infection market consists of Wound/Surgical Site Infections, Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Bloodstream Infection, and Meningitis:
- A surgical site infection (SSI) is an infection that occurs after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. Surgical site infections can sometimes be superficial infections involving the skin only. Other surgical site infections are more serious and can involve tissues under the skin, organs, or implanted material
- Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.
- Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are called meninges. The inflammation from meningitis typically triggers symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck. Most cases of meningitis in the United States are caused by a viral infection. But bacteria, parasites and fungi also can cause it.
- A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and the urethra.
- Bloodstream infections (BSI) are infectious diseases defined by the presence of viable bacterial or fungal microorganisms in the bloodstream (later demonstrated by the positivity of one or more blood cultures) that elicit or have elicited an inflammatory response characterized by the alteration of clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic parameters

The treatment market includes Carbapenems, Colistin, Tigecycline, Sulbactam, Doxycycline, and Rifampin:
- Carbapenems are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for the treatment of severe bacterial infections. This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. Similar to penicillins and cephalosporins, carbapenems are members of the beta lactam class of antibiotics, which kill bacteria by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. However, these agents individually exhibit a broader spectrum of activity compared to most cephalosporins and penicillins. Furthermore, carbapenems are typically unaffected by emerging antibiotic resistance, even to other beta-lactams.
- Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is an antibiotic medication used as a last-resort treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections including pneumonia. These may involve bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Acinetobacter. It comes in two forms: colistimethate sodium can be injected into a vein, injected into a muscle, or inhaled, and colistin sulfate is mainly applied to the skin or taken by mouth. Colistimethate sodium is a prodrug; it is produced by the reaction of colistin with formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite, which leads to the addition of a sulfomethyl group to the primary amines of colistin. Colistimethate sodium is less toxic than colistin when administered parenterally.
- Tigecycline, sold under the brand name Tygacil, is a tetracycline antibiotic medication for a number of bacterial infections. It is a glycylcycline administered intravenously. It was developed in response to the growing rate of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and E. coli. As a tetracycline derivative antibiotic, its structural modifications have expanded its therapeutic activity to include Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including those of multi-drug resistance.
- Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor. This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that destroys the antibiotics. Sulbactam is able to inhibit the most common forms of β-lactamase but is not able to interact with the AmpC cephalosporinase. Thus, it confers little protection against bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia, which often express this gene.
- Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites. It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia, acne, chlamydia infections, Lyme disease, cholera, typhus, and syphilis. It is also used to prevent malaria in combination with quinine. Doxycycline may be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.
- Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an ansamycin antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium avium complex, leprosy, and Legionnaires’ disease. It is almost always used together with other antibiotics with two notable exceptions: when given as a "preferred treatment that is strongly recommended for latent TB infection; and when used as post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal disease in people who have been exposed to those bacteria. Before treating a person for a long period of time, measurements of liver enzymes and blood counts are recommended. Rifampicin may be given either by mouth or intravenously.

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